ΔΙΑΜΕΣΟΣ ΧΩΡΟΣ ΣΤΟ ΙΕΡΟ ΤΩΝ ΜΕΓΑΛΩΝ ΘΕΩΝ ΤΗΣ ΣΑΜΟΘΡΑΚΗΣ
Γενικά[1]
ΑΠΟΣΠΑΣΜΑ[2]
Anticipation of the rites of initiation kept visitors who entered at night (Fig. 3) focused on what lay before them: first the Propylon of Ptolemy II (26); then the plunging descent on stepped ramp into the sunken orchestra of the Theatral Circle (25), framed by tiers of bronze statues (30) and the marble 'exedra' dedicated by of the successors of Alexander the Great, Philip III, and Alexander IV, to the Great Gods (25). A second passage took visitors around the sharp outcropping of bedrock and into another napped ramp (18), from which they would see the Dofic gallery of the Rotunda of Arsinoe (20) and, in the distance, the Stoa. The space tightened both visually and physically as visitors reached the valley floor. A turn to the north opened into a narrow triangular plateia before the principal cult building, the Hall of Choral Dancers (17) (see Paragraph: Materiality, landscape, and human interaction in the Sancuary, p. 57).
Η προσδοκία των τελετών μυήσεως έκανε τους επισκέπτες που εισήλθαν την νύχτα (Εικ. 3) να επικεντρώνονται σε αυτό που ήταν μπροστά τους: πρώτα το Πρόπυλο του Πτολεμαίου ΙΙ (26), στην συνέχεια, στην καθοδική κλιμακωτή όδευση προς την βυθισμένη ορχήστρα του Θεατρικού Κύκλου (25), πλαισιωμένη από σειρές χάλκινων αγαλμάτων (30) και την μαρμάρινη «εξέδρα» αφιερωμένη από τους διαδόχους του Μεγάλου Αλεξάνδρου, ήτοι από τον Φίλιππο ΙΙΙ και τον Αλέξανδρο IV , στους Μεγάλους Θεούς (25). Ένα δεύτερο πέρασμα οδηγούσε τους επισκέπτες γύρω από την απότομη προεξοχή του βράχου και σε μια άλλη ράμπα (18), από την οποία θα έβλεπαν την διαθέτουσα Δωρική κιονοστοιχία Rotunda της Αρσινόης(20) και, στο βάθος, την Στοά. Ο χώρος δημιουργούσε μία ένταση τόσον οπτικά όσον και σωματικά καθώς οι επισκέπτες έφτασαν στο πάτωμα της κοιλάδας. Μια στροφή προς τα βόρεια έβγαζε σε μια στενή τριγωνική πλατεία πριν από το κύριο κτίριο λατρείας, την Αίθουσα των Χορευτών.. (17)
Initiates following this path had to wend their way over the sanctuary's rugged terrain and through this tangle of monumental buildings in darkness. Artificial lighting would have been essential to practical navigation. Unsurprisingly, then, numerous ancient sources describe torches as characteristic of the Samothracian cult (Lewis 1959, pp. 72 no 151; 77 no. 166; 8E no. 194), and evidence for lamps and torches abounds in the archaeological record. Samothracian monuments illustrate torches, and stone blocks with cut-outs to receive the bases of torches have been identified in the sanctuary, for example, in front of the Hieron (15) and east of the same building's cella (Lehmann 1959, Part 2, pp. 17-18). Excavations have also {END OF P. 45}
The interstitium, a network of fluid-filled spaces forming a coherent organ of translocation within the body, maps well onto our investigations of the Hellenistic Sanctuary of the Great Gods on Samothrace. The cognate interstitium of spaces, pathways, and viewscapes within the sanctuary share a similar flexible and connective coherence. Through examining experiential aspects of passages leading from the entrance to the Central Sanctuary, across the seasonal torrent, and to the theatre and terrace in front of the Stoa, we argue that the interstitial network within the sanctuary emerges as a critical mediator of the reciprocal relationships between architecture, landscape, and human actors in the construction of sacred space.
Το interstitium, ένα δίκτυο χώρων πλήρων ρευστού που σχηματίζουν ένα συνεκτικό όργανο μετατοπίσεως μέσα στο σώμα, χαρτογραφεί μεταφορικά καλά τα αποτελέσματα των ερευνών μας για το Ελληνιστικό Ιερό των Μεγάλων Θεών στην Σαμοθράκη. Το συγγενές διάμεσο διάστημα χώρων, μονοπατιών και απόψεων του τοπίου εντός του ιερού μοιράζεται μια παρόμοια ευέλικτη και συνδετική συνοχή. Με την εξέταση των βιωματικών πτυχών των χώρων που οδηγούν από την είσοδο στο Κεντρικό Ιερό, κατά μήκος του εποχιακού χείμαρρου, και προς το θέατρο και τη εξέδρα μπροστά από την Στοά, υποστηρίζουμε ότι το διάμεσο δίκτυο εντός του ιερού εμφανίζεται ως ένας κρίσιμος μεσολαβητής των αμοιβαίων σχέσεων μεταξύ αρχιτεκτονικής, τοπίου και ανθρώπινων παραγόντων στην κατασκευή ιερού χώρου.
CONCLUSION
In parallel to the characterization of the interstitial space in the human body as an organ with unique features that performs specific functions, we have emphasized the unique features and functions of interstitial space in the Sanctuary of the Great Gods that justify treating it as a single if flexible organ. Visitors to the sanctuary experienced key kinaesthetic moments along the interstitium: descending the Sacred Way to the Central Sanctuary, manoeuvring through the Central Sanctuary by criss-crossing the central torrent, ascending the theatre to the terrace joining the Nike Precinct and Stoa, and interacting with monuments in regions of sculptural display. As the carefully crafted pathways guided visitors through the sanctuary, prostyle facades, sculptural dedications, and boulder retaining walls provided visual and spatial continuity in the face of novel configurations of sacred space and architecture. In a sanctuary that does not adhere to more typically attested forms of Hellenistic spatial organization and visual staging such as axiality, symmetry, and systematic terracing, Samothracian builders seem to have purposefully connected areas of the sanctuary to create an experience in which visitors could negotiate the site's unexpected aspects as a fluid, unified whole, connected by the all-important interstitial spaces. A critical means by which this continuity of experience was achieved lies in the fundamental reciprocity between the natural world and the sanctuary's interstitial spaces. This relationship generated the matrix within which humans and buildings {END OF PAGE 58}{NEW PAGE 59}
co-existed. Architecture and landscape design theorists have characterized three modes of relationship between architecture and landscape: contrast, merger, and reciprocity (Rainey 1988). In a contrasting relationship, architecture and landscape are set side by side without integration or transition in order to emphasize the inherently different qualities of each. In a merging relationship, buildings that merge with the natural world appear as an integral part of the landscape. In a reciprocal relationship, the natural world and architecture are in dialogue with each other in a mutually constitutive relationship. It is precisely this reciprocal relationship that existed in the Sanctuary of the Great Gods.
The dynamic interplay of natural features and interstitial network of connective tissue impacted viewer experience in crucial ways. The pathways simultaneously respond to natural features (most notably the steep hills and deep central ravine) and buildings to create compelling views and sensory experiences that privilege interaction between humans and natural and man-made structures. Strategically positioned, non-axial pathways across steep changes in elevation created alternately constricted and expanded viewsheds, such as when descending or ascending the Sacred Way. The sanctuary's builders also eschewed axial orientation and, with the exception of the terrace in front of the Stoa, broad vistas in favour of continuously changing, yet equally staged, views created through bodily movement. The reciprocity is apparent in the framing retaining walls that draw on natural resources emerging from the landscape itself, and in natural and artificial light along these passages that illuminated and animated architecture, natural topography, and human action. The inherent reciprocity between landscape and architecture not only enlivened and enriched viewer experience but also indicates a preferred aesthetic for and deference to the natural world consistent with the nature of the cult.
The sanctuary's interstitium developed as the essential passage of translocation connecting architectural structures through transitional zones. In the natural environment, the boundaries where two ecosystems meet — for example, where ocean meets sand or forest meets grassland — are often the most fertile because of a con-fluence of resources from two environments. There are certainly flat, imposing, {mal3} impermeable walls seemingly sealing off important interstitial spaces within the sanctuary, such as the southwest wall of the Hall of Choral Dancers partially enclosing the triangular space leading up to the Hieron. More striking, however, is the proliferation of prostyle architecture producing buildings at almost every turn adorned with colonnaded entrances that blurred distinctions between architectural and connective space. Strategically placed statue assemblages located against buildings but also jutting into ambulatory pathways created further complexity in the permeable zone between architecture and interstitium. Finally, hybrid spaces such as the theatre, which served simultaneously as built structure with a specific purpose and pathway from one sector to another, demonstrate the extraordinary flexibility afforded by spaces that combine interstitiality and architecture. Across the interstitium of the Sanctuary of the Great Gods, human action and movement bound together architecture and landscape, and constructed
ΔΙΑΜΕΣΟΣ ΧΩΡΟΣ: ΕΝΑ ΝΕΟ ΑΝΘΡΩΠΙΝΟ ΟΡΓΑΝΟ?[10]
Illustration of the interstitium, fluid-filled spaces supported by a network of collagen bundles, lined on one side with cells, JILL GREGORY, REPRINTED WITH PERMISSION FROM MOUNT SINAI HEALTH SYSTEM, LICENSED UNDER CC-BY-ND. Εικονογράφηση του διαμέσου, πλήρους υγρών που υποστηρίζονται από ένα δίκτυο δεσμών κολλαγόνου, οριοθετούμενων από την μία πλευρά με κύτταρα ..
ΣΗΜΕΙΩΣΕΙΣ
[1]. Μάτσας 2012.
[2]. Wescoat et al. 2020, p. 45.
[10]. Olena 2018.
ΒΙΒΛΙΟΓΡΑΦΙΑ
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