Ο ΠΟΛΙΤΙΣΜΟΣ ΤΟΥ ΙΝΔΟΥ ΚΑΙ ΤΟ ΑΙΓΑΙΟ: Ομοιότητες και Συγγένειες
The Indus Valley civilization is one of the greatest aquatic cultures of antiquity along with those of Mesopotamia, Egypt, Bactria - Margiana and China. It has been claimed to represent the easternmost manifestation of a 3rd millennium interregional urbanization and trade network that included the Nile Valley and the area expanding from the Mediterranean Sea to the East throughout the Iranian plateau to the wider Indus region. Masterpieces of these cultures including jewelry and fine vessels share a corpus of common forms and imagery, demonstrating not only the breadth but also the depth of intercultural exchange along the vast trading network that stretched between the Mediterranean and the Indus river. On the basis of archaeological evidence, the existence of indirect contacts between the Aegean and the Indus Valley civilization can validly be inferred. The two civilizations flourished in this first early cosmopolitan context, taking advantage of achievements made in distant places.
ANCIENT INDUS ORNAMENTS & AEGEAN PARALLELS
Harappan jewellery
NUMBER 1: Lebena, EM II Diadem with leaf attachments and ties, similar items from: (a) EM II – MM I Platanos Tomb A, (b) Pyrgos Cave, (c) diadem from Koumasa, (d) Gold jewelry from Tomb 2 of Mochlos etc
NUMBER 2: (a) Gold conical buttons from Poliochne EBA, (b) EM II – MM I gold jewelry from Platanos Tomb A (# 478), (b) EM II – MM IA Boss (LE 3), Lebena, (c) D. Boss with leaves (MO 27), Mochlos complex etc..
NUMBER 3: (a) Boss MO 47, Mochlos
NUMBER 4: (a) flat gold beads with tubular, mid-rib string holes from Poliochne, etc see also ART OF THE FIRST CITIES .. p. 240, fig. 72 (Novosvobodnaya, Tel Abraq)
NUMBER 5: (a) Minoan fresco with the 8-figure motif, etc.
ETCHED CARNELIAN SEE FIG. 74 ARUZ
There is indeed tangible, albeit few, evidence that the international trade network during the heyday of Indian civilization reached as far west as Greece. We have already noted the finding of beads in Harappa which were made with the same material as those of Minoan Crete, but the relevant similarities do not stop here. In the treasure of the Column of Aegina have been found two engraved biconical beads made of cornelian stone, connected with the Indian culture and dating from the second half of the third millennium BC, [6_1] while evidence from the so-called Harappa-type excavations have been excavated in Aegean sites, such as Troy and the BCP. [6_2] Besides, it seems that the merchants of Tire, considered as practitioners of the maritime trade on behalf of Meluhha, had contacts with the Aegean world, while the physical presence of Minoan merchants and their fellow Indians in Dilmun is estimated.
Figure 7.59 Distribution of gold/silver lobed hairrings, tubular disc beads and quadruple-spiralled beads between the Aegean and the Indus valley, c.2600-2000 BC
Distribution map of etched carnelian beads (fig. 9, The Aegean before and after c. 2200 BC between Europe and Asia: trade as a prime mover of cultural change, Lorenz Rahmstorf)
Διανομή μακρών χανδρών από κορνήλιο λίθο (Rahmstorf 2015, fig. 10)
Χάρτης των κοιτασμάτων lapis lazuli στο Pamir και Hindu Kush καθώς και μια επιλογή από τοποθεσίες με lapis lazuli (ακατέργαστα κομμάτια και τελικά προϊόντα) μεταξύ περίπου της 7ης και 2ης χιλιετίας π.Χ. Στην περιοχή της Νοτιοδυτικής Ασίας.
https://publications.dainst.org/journals/efb/article/view/2718/7143
1. Διαμάχη για την ύπαρξη γραφής
2. Οικονομική ανάπτυξη και εμπόριο
2.4 Οι Μαδιανίτες της
ύστερης Εποχής του Χαλκού
3. Προέλευση του πολιτισμού του Ινδού
4. Καλλιτεχνική έκφραση - επιδράσεις
4.3
Διαμερισματοποιημένες χάνδρες
4.11 Σφραγίδες με
κεφαλές ζώων σε δίνη
4.13 Επίπεδες χάνδρες
με κεντρικό νεύρο
5.1 Λατρεία δένδρων και
στηλών
6. Ινδία και Έλληνες: μια παλαιά σχέση
6.1 Από την Μεσόγειο ως
τον Ινδό ..
6.3 Επαφές κατά τους
τελευταίους προ-Αλεξανδρινούς αιώνες
ΒΙΒΛΙΟΓΡΑΦΙΑ
https://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3354&context=edissertations
Hickman, J. 2008b. “Gold Before the Palaces: Crafting Jewelry and Social Identity in Minoan Crete” (diss. Univ. of Pennsylvania).
https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1478344/43/Massa_Thesis_combined.pdf
Massa, M. 2016. “Networks before Empires: cultural transfers in west and central Anatolia during the Early Bronze Age” (diss. Institute of Archaeology, University College London).
Schmidt, E. F. 1933. "HISSAR II: Tepe Hissar. Excavations of 1931," The museum Journal XXIII (4), pp. 366-389.
https://www.penn.museum/sites/journal/9426/?fbclid=IwAR35RyuwDmyFtiPVGRCS-kYFvimV9zEOQtBmpDOfUVDOJQzDXCfoi4qCt88
https://pages.vassar.edu/central-asia-sites/
https://pages.vassar.edu/central-asia-sites/?fbclid=IwAR0yfCPspm2R_h6eeQgiMswhJ7-KtljLjxX6FJH3OS55Ypliz8qS6qj2nAI
Khlopin, I. N. 1981. "The Early Bronze Age Cemetery of Parkhai II: The First Two Seasons of Excavations: 1977-1978," Soviet Anthropology and Archaeology 19(1-2), pp. 3-34.
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpoj.peeters-leuven.be%2Fsecure%2FPOJ%2Fdownloadpdf.php%3Fticket_id%3D607d1c9c65e97&psig=AOvVaw3oGONpZPE35EFWkVSHv99y&ust=1622084171995000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=2ahUKEwjw7prIrObwAhWOt6QKHarMAT0Qjhx6BAgAEBI
Huot, J.-L. 2004. "Double - Spiral - Headed Pins from Georgia," ANES 51, pp. 227-233.
Rahmstorf, L. 2015. "The Aegean before and after c. 2200 BC between Europe and Asia: trade as a prime mover of cultural change," in 2200 BC – A climatic breakdown as a causefor the collapse of the old world? (Tagungen desLandesmuseums für Vorgeschichte Halle Band 12/1), pp. 149-180.
Arnott, R. 2022. Crossing Continents. Between India and the Aegean from Prehistory to Alexander the Great, Oxford / Philadelphia.
ΓΙΑ ΑΓΟΡΑ ΤΟΥ ΒΙΒΛΙΟΥ ΑΠΕΥΘΥΝΘΕΙΤΕ ΣΤΗΝ LULU: https://www.lulu.com/en/en/shop/dimitrios-konidaris/indus-harappan-civilization-and-the-aegean-parallels-and-affinities/paperback/product-7d5jpn.html?page=1&pageSize=4 Ή ΣΤΟΝ ΣΥΓΓΡΑΦΕΑ: ppctem@yahoo.gr
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